diff --git a/web/src/pages/app/modules/models.ts b/web/src/pages/app/modules/models.ts
index c55dbfc..4061f5e 100644
--- a/web/src/pages/app/modules/models.ts
+++ b/web/src/pages/app/modules/models.ts
@@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ import { downloadFileFromUrl } from "../../../utils/fileDownload";
 import { escapeHtml, modelNameFromFile } from "../../../utils/format";
 import { resolveStorageUrl } from "../../../config/runtime";
 import { appState } from "../appState";
+import { generateModelThumbnailFromFile } from "./thumbnail";
 
 type UploadFormState = {
   file: File | null;
   files: File[];
+  thumbnailFailures: string[];
 };
 
 type UploadModelPayload = {
@@ -24,6 +26,10 @@ type UploadModelPayload = {
   properties?: Record<string, string>;
 };
 
+type UploadModelResponse = {
+  id: number;
+};
+
 const defaultOperationTree = JSON.stringify({ OperationTree: "[]" });
 const requestSceneModelMessageType = "DMT_MODEL_LIBRARY_REQUEST_SCENE_MODEL";
 const sceneModelMessageType = "DMT_MODEL_LIBRARY_SCENE_MODEL";
@@ -470,10 +476,11 @@ export async function uploadModelToBackend(payload: UploadModelPayload) {
     form.set(`prop.${key}`, value);
   }
 
-  await api("/api/models/upload", {
+  const result = await api<UploadModelResponse>("/api/models/upload", {
     method: "POST",
     body: form
   });
+  return result.id;
 }
 
 async function openUploadModelDialog() {
@@ -482,7 +489,7 @@ async function openUploadModelDialog() {
     return;
   }
 
-  const state: UploadFormState = { file: null, files: [] };
+  const state: UploadFormState = { file: null, files: [], thumbnailFailures: [] };
   await loadDictionaries();
   const result = await formDialog<boolean>({
     title: "增加模型",
@@ -543,7 +550,7 @@ async function openUploadModelDialog() {
             fileName: file.name
           });
           await waitForUploadStatusPaint();
-          await uploadModelToBackend({
+          const modelId = await uploadModelToBackend({
             file,
             name: state.files.length === 1 ? name ?? "" : modelNameFromFile(file.name),
             fileName: file.name,
@@ -552,6 +559,20 @@ async function openUploadModelDialog() {
             operationTree: defaultOperationTree,
             properties
           });
+          const thumbnailMessage = `正在生成预览图 ${index + 1}/${totalCount}：${file.name}`;
+          updateUploadStatus(thumbnailMessage);
+          updateUploadProgressOverlay({
+            total: totalCount,
+            completed: completedCount,
+            message: thumbnailMessage,
+            fileName: file.name
+          });
+          await waitForUploadStatusPaint();
+          try {
+            await generateAndSaveModelThumbnail(modelId, file);
+          } catch {
+            state.thumbnailFailures.push(file.name);
+          }
           completedCount += 1;
           const completedMessage = `已完成 ${completedCount}/${totalCount}`;
           updateUploadStatus(completedMessage);
@@ -576,7 +597,11 @@ async function openUploadModelDialog() {
   });
 
   if (result) {
-    notify("模型上传完成");
+    if (state.thumbnailFailures.length > 0) {
+      notify(`模型上传完成，${state.thumbnailFailures.length} 个预览图生成失败，可稍后在预览窗口手动更新。`);
+    } else {
+      notify("模型上传和预览图生成完成");
+    }
     invalidateDictionaries();
     await reloadFoldersAndModels();
   }
@@ -592,7 +617,7 @@ export async function openProcessModelUploadDialog(input?: {
     return;
   }
 
-  const state: UploadFormState = { file: input?.file ?? null, files: input?.file ? [input.file] : [] };
+  const state: UploadFormState = { file: input?.file ?? null, files: input?.file ? [input.file] : [], thumbnailFailures: [] };
   await loadDictionaries();
   const initialName = input?.modelName || (input?.file ? modelNameFromFile(input.file.name) : "");
   const result = await formDialog<boolean>({
@@ -618,7 +643,7 @@ export async function openProcessModelUploadDialog(input?: {
       }
       const form = new FormData(document.querySelector<HTMLFormElement>("#processModelUploadPopupForm")!);
       const name = String(form.get("name") ?? "").trim();
-      await uploadModelToBackend({
+      const modelId = await uploadModelToBackend({
         file: state.file,
         name,
         fileName: state.file.name,
@@ -629,6 +654,11 @@ export async function openProcessModelUploadDialog(input?: {
           model: String(form.get("model") ?? "")
         }
       });
+      try {
+        await generateAndSaveModelThumbnail(modelId, state.file);
+      } catch {
+        notify("模型已上传，预览图生成失败，可稍后在预览窗口手动更新。");
+      }
       return true;
     }
   });
@@ -773,6 +803,14 @@ function hideUploadProgressOverlay() {
   if (overlay) overlay.hidden = true;
 }
 
+async function generateAndSaveModelThumbnail(modelId: number, file: File) {
+  const thumbnail = await generateModelThumbnailFromFile(file);
+  await api(`/api/models/${modelId}/thumbnail`, {
+    method: "PUT",
+    body: JSON.stringify({ thumbnail })
+  });
+}
+
 function setUploadDialogBusy(state: UploadFormState, busy: boolean) {
   const form = document.querySelector<HTMLFormElement>("#modelUploadPopupForm");
   if (!form) return;
diff --git a/web/src/pages/app/modules/thumbnail.ts b/web/src/pages/app/modules/thumbnail.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c01f8af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/pages/app/modules/thumbnail.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import type { Material, Object3D, PerspectiveCamera, Texture } from "three";
+import type { GLTFLoader } from "three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader.js";
+
+const THUMBNAIL_WIDTH = 512;
+const THUMBNAIL_HEIGHT = 384;
+
+type ThreeModule = typeof import("three");
+type LoadedGltf = Awaited<ReturnType<GLTFLoader["loadAsync"]>>;
+type ParseableGltfLoader = GLTFLoader & {
+  parseAsync(data: ArrayBuffer | string, path: string): Promise<LoadedGltf>;
+};
+
+export async function generateModelThumbnailFromFile(file: File) {
+  const [THREE, { GLTFLoader }] = await Promise.all([
+    import("three"),
+    import("three/examples/jsm/loaders/GLTFLoader.js")
+  ]);
+
+  THREE.Object3D.DEFAULT_UP.set(0, 0, 1);
+
+  const scene = new THREE.Scene();
+  const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, THUMBNAIL_WIDTH / THUMBNAIL_HEIGHT, 0.01, 1000);
+  camera.up.set(0, 0, 1);
+
+  const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({
+    antialias: true,
+    alpha: true,
+    preserveDrawingBuffer: true
+  });
+  renderer.setPixelRatio(1);
+  renderer.setSize(THUMBNAIL_WIDTH, THUMBNAIL_HEIGHT, false);
+  renderer.setClearColor(0x000000, 0);
+  renderer.outputColorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
+
+  const ambientLight = new THREE.HemisphereLight(0xffffff, 0x9aa8b5, 2.2);
+  const keyLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 2.8);
+  keyLight.position.set(3, -4, 5);
+  scene.add(ambientLight, keyLight);
+
+  let object: Object3D | null = null;
+  try {
+    const buffer = await file.arrayBuffer();
+    const gltf = await (new GLTFLoader() as ParseableGltfLoader).parseAsync(buffer, "");
+    if (!gltf.scene) {
+      throw new Error("模型文件中未找到可渲染场景");
+    }
+    object = gltf.scene;
+    scene.add(object);
+    fitCameraToObject(THREE, camera, object);
+    renderer.render(scene, camera);
+    return renderer.domElement.toDataURL("image/png");
+  } finally {
+    if (object) disposeObject3D(object);
+    renderer.dispose();
+    renderer.forceContextLoss();
+    renderer.domElement.remove();
+  }
+}
+
+function fitCameraToObject(THREE: ThreeModule, camera: PerspectiveCamera, object: Object3D) {
+  const box = new THREE.Box3().setFromObject(object);
+  const size = box.getSize(new THREE.Vector3());
+  const center = box.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3());
+  const maxSize = Math.max(size.x, size.y, size.z) || 1;
+  const distance = maxSize / (2 * Math.tan((camera.fov * Math.PI) / 360));
+
+  camera.position.copy(center).add(new THREE.Vector3(distance * 0.9, -distance * 1.15, distance * 0.65));
+  camera.near = Math.max(distance / 100, 0.01);
+  camera.far = distance * 100;
+  camera.lookAt(center);
+  camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
+}
+
+function disposeObject3D(root: Object3D) {
+  root.traverse((object) => {
+    const maybeMesh = object as Object3D & {
+      geometry?: { dispose?: () => void };
+      material?: Material | Material[];
+    };
+    maybeMesh.geometry?.dispose?.();
+    const materials = Array.isArray(maybeMesh.material) ? maybeMesh.material : maybeMesh.material ? [maybeMesh.material] : [];
+    for (const material of materials) {
+      disposeMaterial(material);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function disposeMaterial(material: Material) {
+  const values = Object.values(material as Material & Record<string, unknown>);
+  for (const value of values) {
+    if (value && typeof value === "object" && "isTexture" in value) {
+      (value as Texture).dispose();
+    }
+  }
+  material.dispose();
+}